Check Class 11 NCERT Solutions for English Subject. In this article, we have provided NCERT Solutions for Chapter 5 from the English Hornbill Textbook. The NCERT solutions of this chapter have been provided after a detailed analysis of the latest syllabus issued by CBSE. Students of Class 11th can study the answers provided here to score well in their school exams.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 English Hornbill Textbook (Prose) - Chapter 5
Ques: Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context.
a holistic and ecological view
inter alia
sustainable development
decimated
languish
catastrophic depletion
ignominious darkness
transcending concern
Answer: a holistic and ecological view – It refers to the view that calls for the preservation of the planet. The holistic and ecological view refers to understanding the importance of the earth’s resources and environment for future generations.
sustainable development – A balanced development that meets the needs of the present while taking care of the needs of future generations.
languish – a lot of species are neglected or go unnoticed
ignominious darkness – disgraced or dishonored as nobody has knowledge about them or is enlightened about them
inter alia – among other things
decimated – to reduce drastically in number
catastrophic depletion – a disastrous and harmful reduction in the number of something
transcending concern – a concern that surpasses generation, boundaries. It is not only about the present but also about the future; not only about people but also about the planet.
Ques: Locate the lines in text that support the title. 'The Ailing Planet'.
Answer: The lines that support the title of the chapter are given below.
“The earth’s vital signs reveal a patient in declining health.”
“Are we to leave our successors a scorched planet of advancing deserts, impoverished landscapes, and the ailing environment?”
“…the environment has deteriorated so badly that it is ‘critical’ in many of the eighty-eight countries investigated”.
Ques: What does the notice 'The world's most dangerous animal' at a cage in the zoo at Lusaka, Zambia, signify?
Answer: In the zoo at Lusaka, there is a cage with a notice that reads ‘The world’s most dangerous animal’. However, inside the cage, there is no animal but a mirror that shows the visitor's/person's reflection.
The notice signifies that man is the most dangerous being on this planet. He is not only responsible for the deteriorating condition of the planet and depletion of resources but also poses a danger for other living-species. A human being is far more destructive and threatening to the ecology of the Earth than any other being. Thus, the cage in a zoo in Lusaka, Zambia, only tries to open our eyes to the aforementioned fact.
Ques: How are the earth's principal biological systems being depleted?
Answer: According to Mr. Lester R. Brown, there are four principal biological systems of the earth. These systems are fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands. However, due to the increasing demand of human beings to such an ‘unsustainable’ extent, the productivity of these systems is being hampered. The excessive demand results in deterioration and depletion of these resources. A country where protein is consumed on a large scale, over-fishing is common, which leads to the collapse of fisheries in that area. Grasslands have been turned into deserts and the production of crops is decreasing. The forests are destroyed in large proportions to obtain firewood. The depletion of tropical forests has also led to the extinction of several species.
Ques: Why does the author aver that the growth of the world population is one of the strongest factors distorting the future of human society?
Answer: Over-population is one of the strongest factors responsible for a nation’s poverty and unemployment. It disturbs the earth’s principal biological systems leading to the degradation of the environment.
The author highlights the problem of over-population by pointing out the mental set-up of the poor who feel more children means more workers to earn money. They do not realize that more children only means more unemployed people. He argues that development is the best contraceptive, which includes the spread of education, improvement of health, and a rise in income.
The spread of education leads to awareness among people, which in turn results in a fall in the ‘fertility’ rate. The author makes a comment which emphasizes the never-ending circle of population and poverty by asserting that “The choice is really between control of the population and the perpetuation of poverty.”
Ques: Laws are never respected not enforced in India.
Answer: India, the biggest democracy in the world, is condemned for its easy attitude towards laws. Laws are constituted but never respected nor enforced in our country. For instance, the Indian Constitution mentions that casteism, untouchability, and bonded labor shall be abolished; however, these evils flourish barefacedly even today.
The author points out that Article 48A of the Indian Constitution propounds that “the State shall endeavor to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country”. However, little is done in favor of this. What we see is a near “catastrophic depletion” of forests over the last four decades. Forests are disappearing over the decades at the rate of 3.7 million acres a year. Areas that are officially designated as forest land, in reality, are treeless. The actual loss of forests is eight times the rate pointed by the government statistics.
Ques: “Are we to leave our successors a scorched planet of advancing deserts, impoverished landscapes and an ailing environment?”
Answer: As we learn in the text, the first Brandt Report raised the above-mentioned question about the deteriorating condition of the planet. Earth is like a “patient in declining health”. The depletion of forests, grasslands, fisheries and croplands are the result of excessive demand for resources. Over-population has led to a severe strain on the health of our planet.
We must realize soon that in this “Era of Responsibility” it is solely our duty to preserve our planet. We must realize that the earth belongs as much to the future generation as much to us. Rather making it our property, we should do our best to preserve it for the generations we have “borrowed it from”.
Ques: “We have not inherited this earth from our forefathers; we have borrowed it from our children”.
Answer: Over the decades, a change has come in the perception of the people with respect to the planet. The human perception has shifted to a “holistic and ecological view of the world”. Earth is a living organism that has limited resources. These resources will not last forever. The earth has its metabolic needs that require to be preserved. The need of the hour is “sustainable development” which propounds the need of meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising with those of future generations.
The present problems are not necessarily fatal for us but they are a ‘passport for the future’. This is the “Era of Responsibility” that calls for responsible action from us. We must realize that the earth belongs as much to the future generation as much it belongs to us.
Ques: The problems of overpopulation that directly affect our everyday life.
Answer: Every four days, the world population shows an increase of one million. With this ever-increasing population, development seems a far-fetched dream.
Over-population leads to the issues of poverty and unemployment. The vicious circle of population and poverty will continue unless the root cause i.e. population is taken care of. It hampers the development of a country. It leads to the consumption of natural resources at a much faster rate. The fossils consumed, the resources depleted, the forests cleared, the heat produced, the global warming caused are all the repercussions of the fast-growing population.
Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions: All Chapters